In a food forest, each layer is carefully curated to serve a purpose. The taller canopy trees provide shade and microclimates for the plants below. Underneath them, smaller fruit and nut trees flourish, followed by shrubs that bear berries and other edible fruits. The forest floor hosts an array of herbs and perennial vegetables. Vines climb trunks and branches, contributing vertical yield. This multi-layered approach not only results in higher yield per square foot but also fosters biodiversity, soil health, and resilience against pests and diseases. Some food forests even incorporate livestock such as chickens or ducks, who help manage pests and contribute to the nutrient cycle, creating a more sustainable and self-sufficient ecosystem.